Richard Bickerton Pemell Lyons, 1st Earl Lyons was an eminent British diplomat, who was the favourite diplomat of Queen Victoria during each of the four great crises of the second half of the 19th century: namely Italian unification; the American Civil War; the Eastern Question; and the replacement of France by Germany as the dominant Continental power subsequent to German Unification. Lyons is best known for solving the Trent Affair during the American Civil War; and for contributing to the Special Relationship and the Entente Cordiale; and for predicting, 32 years before World War I, the occurrence of an imperial war between France and Germany that would destroy Britain's international dominance.